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Sources: Positive actions under International Law and Standards
Data relating to indicators on ratifications of the UN Convention against Torture and its Protocol and submission of initial reports to the UN Committee against Torture, APT referred to the OHCHR (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights) and the Treaty bodies' website.
Sources: Positive actions under National Laws
Data relating to indicators on the prohibition and criminalisation of torture in constitutions were sourced from various country constitutions, criminal/penal laws, and online databases. APT also relied on information from State Party reports to the UN Committee against Torture, the International Committee of the Red Cross' (ICRC) International Humanitarian Law database, and research from Casey-Maslen S. National Legislation on Torture. In: The Prohibition of Torture and Ill-Treatment under International Law. Cambridge University Press; 2025:97-135. DOI:10.1017/9781009610162.
Sources: Positive actions under Oversight Systems
Data relating to national torture prevention mechanisms was drawn from APT’s OPCAT database, and data relating to the compliance with the Paris Principles of national human rights institutions was referenced from Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI)’s accreditation system.