All detainees have the right to send and receive mail and to make and receive telephone calls, except in very specific situations.

When someone is deprived of his or her liberty, family connections often take on a heightened importance. Family members can play a vital emotional and material support role to detainees in difficult times.

Solitary confinement consists in keeping an inmate alone in a cell for over 22 hours a day.  Because of the harmful effect on the person’s physical and mental well-being, solitary confinement should only be used in exceptional circumstances.

The disciplinary regime establishes the rules of prison life by listing breaches of the internal regulations and the sanctions associated with these.

Means of restraint are instruments intended to restrain or temporarily limit the freedom of movement of a person without injuring him/her, for example, handcuffs, straps, straitjackets, or restraining beds.

In prisons, recourse to force must always be the exception and it must always be used as a last resort. To prevent any abuse, recourse to force must respect the principles of legality, necessity and proportionality.

In all penitentiaries authorities must sometimes conduct searches of either some of the premises or all of the premises with a view to maintaining order and security and, more specifically, to prevent prison breaks or to put an end to illegal poss

In prison, it is sometimes necessary, for security reasons, to conduct body searches of detainees. The aim of body searches is to avoid bringing in and trafficking banned or dangerous substances and objects (e.g.

The primary purpose of separation is to ensure the protection and safety of persons deprived of their liberty, and the optimal management of prisons.