Means of restraint

The use of means of restraint poses significant risks for women, as they may be degrading or painful, humiliating and stigmatising. It can also entail the risk of sexual and gender-based violence, as women may be completely immobilised and have less capacity to defend themselves when restrained. 

Means of restraint should be used as a last resort, for a limited duration and in accordance with the principles of legality, necessity and proportionality. Pregnant women should not be subjected to restraint. 

The use of means of restraint is absolutely prohibited during labour, when giving birth and immediately after birth.