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O Mecanismo Nacional e cronologia do OPCAT no Brasil

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  • O Mecanismo Nacional e cronologia do OPCAT no Brasil

O Mecanismo Nacional de Prevenção à Tortura 

 

O Mecanismo Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura  (MNPCT) é um órgão independente instituído pela Lei 12.847 de 2013 após a ratificação pelo Brasil do OPCAT. O MNPCT está vinculado administrativamente ao Ministério da Mulher, Família e Direitos Humanos.

O MNPCT é vital para a proteção da dignidade e dos direitos das pessoas privadas de liberdade. Seus 11 peritos/as documentam  as condições de custódia em relatórios públicos e emitem  recomendações às autoridades para promover mudanças na lei, nas políticas e nas práticas.

Desde sua criação em 2015, o MNPCT monitorou mais de 170 locais de detenção em 24 estados, incluindo estabelecimentos penais, instituições psiquiátricas, comunidades terapêuticas, unidades socioeducativas e espaços de acolhimento.

Ilustração dos peritos/as

 

 

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Cronologia do OPCAT no Brasil
Seminário
2005
O início

➜ Adota-se o Plano de Ações Integradas para Prevenção e Controle da Tortura no Brasil.

➜ Ocorre em São Paulo o seminário organizado pela APT e Cejil/Brasil para debater os desafios da implementação do Protocolo Facultativo no Brasil e em outros países federais e descentralizados. 

Meeting
2006
O Comitê Nacional é instaurado

➜ É instaurado por Decreto o Comitê Nacional para Prevenção e Controle da Tortura no Brasil com o objetivo de propor mecanismos preventivos nacionais independentes para prevenção da tortura no Brasil à luz do Protocolo Facultativo da Convenção da ONU contra a Tortura.

Person signing document
2007
O OPCAT é ratificado

➜ Brasil ratifica o Protocolo Facultativo à Convenção da ONU contra a Tortura (OPCAT)

Reunao Alagoas
2009
Primeira lei estadual

➜ Primeira lei estadual no Brasil instituindo um comitê e mecanismo de prevenção à tortura na esfera estadual é promulgada em Alagoas (Lei nº 7.141/2009)

Seminário
2010
OPCAT ganha espaço no Brasil

➜ Audiência pública na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com participação de representante da APT e membro do Subcomitê da ONU para a Prevenção à Tortura para debater projeto de lei para criar o comitê e o mecanismo estadual de prevenção à tortura.

➜ 1º Seminário Internacional sobre Mecanismos de Prevenção à Tortura é realizado em São Paulo pelaACAT-Brasil, Prison Pastoral Service, ILANUD/Brasil, Conectas e APT.

➜ Segunda lei estadual é promulgada no Brasil criando o comitê e o mecanismo de prevenção à tortura no Rio de Janeiro (Lei nº 5.778/2010)

➜ Brasil convoca o 2º Seminário sobre o Protocolo Facultativo e mecanismos nacionais de prevenção no âmbito da 18 Reunião de Altas Autoridades de Direitos Humanos do Mercosul em Brasília.

Membros mecanismo do Rio de Janeiro
2011
Primeiro mecanismo estadual

➜ O Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura do Rio de Janeiro é instituído e se torna o primeiro órgão desta natureza a ser implantado no país.

➜ Governo encaminha ao Congresso Nacional proposta de projeto de lei para instituir o  Sistema Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura.

➜ Visita do Subcomitê da ONU para a Prevenção à Tortura (SPT/ONU) ao Brasil para monitorar unidades de privação de liberdade nos estados de Goiás, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo.

➜ Realizado em Genebra, Suíça, o Forum Global da APT sobre o Protocolo Facultativo, o qual reune mais de 300 participantes de 84 países. Do Brasil compareceram representantes do Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura do Rio de Janeiro, Ministério Público Federal e Secretaria de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República.

Criacao comite
2012
Promoção e incidência

➜ Audiência pública na Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos a pedido da Pastoral Carcerária Nacional e APT solicitando que o Estado brasileiro adote ações urgentes para estabelecer um mecanismo nacional de prevenção à tortura independente que observe integralmente os dispositivos do Protocolo Facultativo.

➜ Promulgada a Lei estadual nº 14.863/2012 em Pernambuco, prevendo a criação do Comitê e Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura no estado.

➜ Divulgado pelo governo brasileiro o relatório da visita realizada pelo SPT/ONU ao Brasil traduzido ao português.

Brasilia - Congreso Brasil
2013
Um grande ano para a prevenção no Brasil

➜ 6 anos após a ratificação do Protocolo Facultativo, são promulgadas as Leis federais 12.847/2013 e 12.857/2013 criando o Sistema Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura no país.

➜ Promulgada a Lei estadual nº 3.262/2013 em Rondônia, criando o Comitê e o Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura.

➜ Promulgada a Lei estadual nº 10.006/2013 no Espírito Santo criando o Comitê e o Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura no estado.

Pernambuco
2014
Passo a passo

➜ Os primeiros 23 integrantes do Comitê Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura tomam posse, inaugurando-se a instauração deste colegiados e dando início ao processo para selecionar os peritos e peritas para compor o Mecanismo Nacional de Prevenção à Tortura (MNPCT)

➜ São nomeados os peritos e peritas do Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura de Pernambuco, tornando-se o segundo mecanismo no país a se tornar operacional.

➜ É realizado o Fórum Regional sobre o cumprimento do Protocolo Facultativo na América Latina - “Prevenir a tortura – uma responsabilidade compartilhada” - que reúne 120 participantes de 15 países do continente na Cidade do Panamá.

Brasilia
2015
O SPT/ONU visita o país pela segunda vez

➜ A APT realiza na sede do Ministério Publico Federal em Brasília o seminário “Prevenção da tortura. O que precisamos para criar mecanismos independentes no Brasil?”, em parceria com a Procuradoria Federal dos Direitos do Cidadão.

➜ É publicada a nova edição revista e atualizada do manual da APT, “Monitoramento de locais de detenção: um guia prático” pela Secretaria de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República.

➜ O Mecanismo Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura (MNPCT) é instaurado e sua primeira composição de 11 peritos e peritas  toma posse e inicia seus trabalhos.

➜ O SPT/ONU realiza sua 2ª missão ao país, visitando o Distrito Federal (Brasília), Amazonas, Pernambuco e Rio de Janeiro, e realizando mais de 20 visitas a locais de privação de liberdade, incluindo prisões, centros de detenção provisória, delegacias de polícia, unidades prisionais para mulheres, unidades socioeducativas, hospitais penitenciários e institutos forenses.

➜ Promulgada a Lei Estadual nº 10.334/2015 criando o Comitê e o Mecanismo de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura no Estado do Maranhão.

➜ Retoma-se a mobilização de entidades da sociedade civil para a criação de um mecanismo de prevenção à tortura em São Paulo, estado que abriga quase um terço da população encarcerada do país.

Flyer Vamos fazer essa lei sair do papel
2016
Vamos fazer essa lei sair do papel

➜ Promulgada a Lei Estadual nº 3.784/2016 em Rondônia fixando o quantitativo e criando os cargos correspondentes do Quadro de Pessoal do Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura.

➜ Promulgada a Lei Estadual nº 10.803/2016 criando o Comitê e o Mecanismo de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura no Estado da Paraíba.

➜ Promulgada a Lei Estadual nº 8.135/2016 criando o Comitê e o Mecanismo de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura no Estado de Sergipe.

➜ É lançada a ação coordenada “Vamos fazer essa lei sair do papel” para promover a efetiva implantação do Sistema Nacional de Prevenção à Tortura e criação de mecanismos estaduais nas unidades federativas. A ação é  liderada pela Procuradoria Federal dos Direitos do Cidadão com o apoio do Mecanismo Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura e APT.

➜O Mecanismo Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura publica o seu 1º relatório anual de atividades.

Flyer
2017
A incidência continua

➜ Governo divulga relatório enviado pelo SPT ao Brasil traduzido ao português.

➜ Intensifica-se a mobilização pela criação de um mecanismo estadual de prevenção à tortura em São Paulo, estado com a maior população carcerária do país.

➜ APT se reúne com o  Governador do Estado de Alagoas para pedir a instalação do mecanismo estadual. Alagoas foi o primeiro estado a promulgar lei própria porém ainda não implantou o mecanismo na prática.

➜ O MNPCT,  em parceria com a Procuradoria Federal dos Direitos do Cidadão (PFDC) e com o Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP) realiza a primeira Inspeção Nacional em Comunidades Terapêuticas.

Rondonia
2018
Os mecanismos estaduais ganham força

➜ Os peritos e peritas do Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura de Rondônia são nomeados. É o terceiro mecanismo a ser instalado no país.

➜ O Comitê Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura (CNPCT) aprova e publica a Recomendação nº 5 que estipula diretrizes para criação e fortalecimento de Comitês e Mecanismos de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura nas Unidades da Federação.

➜ Os peritos e peritas tomam posse e é instaurado o Mecanismo Estadual de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura na Paraíba. É o quarto mecanismo a se tornar operacional no país.

➜ A Assembleia Legislativa de São Paulo aprova Projeto de Lei criando o Comitê e o Mecanismo de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura no Estado (PL nº 1.257/2014)

IACHR
2019
Decreto nº 9.831/2019

➜ O Governo de São Paulo veta o PL. Entidades nacionais e organismos internacionais de proteção de direitos humanos se mobilizam e se manifestam contrários ao veto.

➜ Promulga-se o Decreto nº 9.831 de 10 de junho de 2019 pelo governo federal exonerando os peritos e peritas do MNPCT e determinando o corte dos recursos necessários para o seu funcionamento.

➜ Inúmeras entidades nacionais e internacionais e organismos regionais e internacionais de proteção de direitos humanos se manifestam publicamente em repúdio ao Decreto. APT, Cejil, Justiça Global, Conectas, GAJOP, Sociedade Maranhense de Direitos Humanos, Defensoria Pública da União e os cinco mecanismos preventivos do Brasil vão à Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos denunciar o esvaziamento do órgão nacional anti tortura.

➜ Na Câmara e no Senado são apresentados 6 projetos de decreto legislativo para sustar os efeitos do Decreto nº 9.831.

➜ Liminar é concedida pela justiça federal em ação civil pública ajuizada pela Defensoria Pública da União suspendendo provisoriamente os efeitos do Decreto que esvaziou o MNPCT. Essa decisão viabiliza que o MNPCT continue atuando.

➜ Procuradora-Geral da República propõe Ação de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental no Supremo Tribunal Federal contra Decreto que esvaziou o Mecanismo Nacional.

➜ APT ingressa como amicus curiae nas ações judiciais questionando a constitucionalidade do Decreto nº 9.831.

Brasilia advocaica
2021
Esforços no Congresso

➜Realizada audiência pública alusiva ao Dia Internacional de Apoio às Vítimas de Tortura na Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias da Cãmara dos Deputados para debater retrocessos na prevenção e o enfrentamento à tortura no país.

➜Tramitação do PDL 389/2019 para sustar os efeitos do decreto 9.831/2019 avança na Câmara dos Deputados e é aprovado na Comissão de Trabalho, de Admnistração e Serviço Público.

➜ Comitê Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura lança vídeo em defesa do Sistema Nacional de Prevenção à Tortura no marco do Dia 26 de junho.

➜Realizada audiência promovida pelo Observatório Parlamentar da Revisão Periódica de Direitos Humanos da ONU para avaliar o grau de implementação das recomendações emitidas pelo Conselho de Direitos Humanos da ONU ao Brasil sobre condições dos cárceres, combate à tortura e sistema de Justiça.

supreme court
2022
Uma vitória para a prevenção

➜ SPT/ONU realiza sua 3ª missão ao país e vai a Brasília onde se reúne com a sociedade civil e autoridades dos três poderes para pedir a revogação do Decreto 9.831.

➜ O Supremo Tribunal Federal julga procedente ADPF e derruba, por unanimidade, o Decreto nº 9.831 determinando o reestabelecimento dos cargos destinados aos peritos e peritas do MNPCT.

➜ Agenda Nacional pelo Desencarceramento lança campanha nacional para que os Comitês e Mecanismos se tornem uma realidade em todas as unidades federativas do país.

Noticias

Maio 2022
Brasil: decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal representa  uma grande vitória para a prevenção da tortura
Brasil: decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal representa uma grande vitória para a prevenção da tortura
Friday, May 13, 2022
Março 2022
A ONU insta o Brasil a assegurar o funcionamento de seu mecanismo de prevenção à tortura
A ONU insta o Brasil a assegurar o funcionamento de seu mecanismo de prevenção à tortura
Friday, March 11, 2022
Agosto 2021
Mantendo-nos firmes: é preciso resistir às tentativas de extinção do sistema de prevenção à tortura do Brasil
Blog
Mantendo-nos firmes: é preciso resistir às tentativas de extinção do sistema de prevenção à tortura do Brasil
Wednesday, August 4, 2021

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      • The European Committee for Prevention of Torture (CPT)
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        • Preventive visits
          • How many visits should be conducted every year?
          • How to conduct a preventive visit?
          • Should NPMs conduct both announced and unannounced visits?
          • What are the different "types" of visits?
          • What is a “preventive” visit?
          • What is the “average length” of a preventive visit?
          • Where and when should the NPM’s first visit be conducted?
          • Why have a programme of visits?
        • Recommendations and Follow-Up Strategies
          • How can NPMs follow-up on recommendations?
          • How to systematise and keep track of recommendations over time?
          • What are NPM recommendations?
          • What can NPMs do to overcome obstacles in the implementation of their recommendations?
          • What makes a good recommendation?
          • What types of recommendations are made by NPMs?
          • Why is it important to have a follow-up strategy for NPM recommendations?
        • Annual Reports
          • How to strategically disseminate an annual report ?
          • What is an NPM annual report ?
          • What is the target audience of an NPM annual report ?
          • What should be the content of an NPM annual report ?
          • What should be the format of an NPM annual report ?
          • When NPMs operate within a broader institution or are comprised of several institutions, should the NPM annual report be published separately ?
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          • How to choose a topic for a thematic report?
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      • Engaging with others
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          • Who are other national bodies conducting visits?
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        • Working with external experts
          • What are external experts and why do NPMs work with them?
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          • How could NPMs handle expectations regarding complaints?
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          • What are multiple body NPMs?
          • What are some of the advantages and challenges faced by multiple bodies as NPM?
          • What are the different possible structures for multiple body NPMs?
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          • What kind of reports may multiple body NPMs produce?
          • Which body liaises with the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture, and other international bodies?
        • National Human Rights Institutions
          • What are national human rights institutions as NPMs?
          • What are the advantages and challenges faced by NHRIs as NPMs?
          • What are the different types of NHRIs?
          • What are the key budget and financial considerations for NHRIs with an NPM mandate?
          • What are the key staffing considerations for NHRIs taking on an NPM mandate?
          • What kind of internal structure is most appropriate for NHRIs as NPMs?
          • What level of NPM autonomy for NHRIs?
        • New specialised institutions
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          • How can new institutions work as a team and build a collective identity?
          • What are the advantages and disadvantages of a new specialised institution as an NPM?
          • What are the different types of new specialised institutions?
          • What are the first steps for a new specialised institution?
          • What is a new specialised institution?
      • Search
    • Videos
      • Protecting LGBTI persons deprived of liberty: a discussion with Victor Madrigal
      • Changing Police Mindsets: From Coercion to Justice
      • Monitoring psychiatric institutions (2016 Jean-Jacques Gautier NPM Symposium)
      • Preventing torture in Africa: Lessons and experiences from NHRIs
      • Does torture prevention work?
      • Addressing vulnerabilities in LGBT persons in detention (Jean-Jacques Gautier NPM Symposium 2015)
      • Children’s vulnerabilities in detention (Jean-Jacques Gautier NPM Symposium 2014)
      • Interview with Boubou Diouf Tall, Senegal
      • Interview with Erwin James, United Kingdom
      • World Cup: Preventing torture in Rio de Janeiro (2014)
      • Interview with Jeehan Mahmood – Maldives
      • No one knows about us
      • Expert meeting on torture-tainted information
      • Parliamentarians visiting immigration detention centres
      • Ending impunity – a graphic novella
      • Prevention of torture and ill-treatment in police custody
      • Preventing torture – From an idea to a global reality
      • Interview with Catalina Devandas: Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
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